Discussions

Protein therapeutics—such as monoclonal antibodies, enzymes, hormones, and cytokines—are increasingly central to modern medicine due to their high specificity, reduced toxicity, and ability to target complex biological pathways. Unlike traditional small-molecule drugs, protein-based therapies can precisely bind to disease-related molecules, improving clinical outcomes in oncology, autoimmune disorders, metabolic diseases, and genetic deficiencies.

Monoclonal antibodies remain the most widely used class, employed for cancer immunotherapy, viral infections, and chronic inflammatory conditions. Advances in recombinant DNA technology and cell-based manufacturing have enabled the production of biologically active proteins at scale. Novel formats, including antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and gene-encoded therapeutics, further enhance their therapeutic versatility.

Challenges such as high production costs, cold-chain requirements, and immunogenicity continue to limit global access. However, innovations in biosimilars and improved manufacturing platforms are reducing costs and expanding availability. As personalized medicine grows, protein therapeutics will play an even greater role by offering targeted, mechanism-based treatments that improve patient outcomes with fewer side effects.